Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, (ADHD), is a neuro-biological disorder that is characterized by inattention and/or hyperactivity and impulsivity. ADHD typically becomes apparent in children when they reach preschool or elementary school age. It often results in problems with organization, attention and working memory. In addition, it frequently impacts a child's social and interpersonal functioning. These children often have low self-esteem and an increased accident and injury risk.

All children experience anxiety, however if the anxieties begin to interfere with the daily activities of childhood, such as separating from parents, attending school and making friends, a referral should be made for mental health services. Anxious children are often overly tense or uptight and often suffer from insomnia. Some may seek a lot of reassurance, and their worries may interfere with activities. Because anxious children may also be quiet, compliant and eager to please, their difficulties may be missed.

Many children and especially adolescents experience mood swings as a normal part of growing up, but when these behaviors begin to interfere with the ability to function in daily life, bipolar disorder could be the cause. Bipolar disorder, also known as manic- depression, is a treatable disorder involving extreme changes in mood, thoughts, energy levels and behavior. These mood changes can last for hours, days, or weeks in a child’s life.

All children experience short periods of sadness, this is a normal reaction to events that are stressful, upsetting or difficult to come to terms with. However, when sadness dominates or interferes with their academic and social functioning – it is classified as depression. When depression reaches the point of becoming an illness, it needs treatment.